Amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in German foods and evaluation of daily intake

 The quantities of the biologically active isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) – C18:2 c9t11 – in 139 German foods were analysed by capillary gas chromatography (results are given as a % of all identified fatty acid methyl esters). The CLA content ranged from 0.40% (Gouda) to 1.70% (Jurassic cheese, Old Emmentaler) in dairy products, from 0.11% (rabbit) to 1.20% (lamb) in meat, and from 0.01% (pike-perch) to 0.09% (carp) in fish. CLA could be detected in neither vegetable fats or oils nor in margarines (CLA <0.01%). Crisps, chocolates, cakes and pastries, and other foods have only a negligible CLA content. The average estimated CLA intake in Germany was calculated to be 0.35g CLA/day for women and 0.43g CLA/day for men. Received: 22 July 1997     

泌乳月份及部分乳成分与牛乳中体细胞数关系的相关性研究

本研究利用陕西省西安市草滩牛场第五奶牛场62头泌乳牛2003年8个月的DHI记录资料,对泌乳月份及部分乳成分与牛乳中体细胞数的关系进行了研究.结果表明,体细胞数与日产奶量,日产奶量与乳蛋白率、乳脂率呈极显著的负相关(P＜0.01),体细胞数与乳蛋白率与乳脂率之间无显著相关关系(P＞0.05),乳蛋白率与乳脂率呈极显著的正相关(P＜0.01).5、7和10月份样品平均体细胞数较高,分别为789×103mL-1,696×103mL-1、1031×103mL-1,3月份样品平均体细胞数最低为390×103mL-1.     

苔干水溶性粗多糖提取工艺及理化性质的研究

本文采用热水浸提、醇沉法提取苔干多糖,对苔干多糖提取工艺和一般理化性质进行了研究。选择浸提固液比、温度和时间作为单因素进行梯度实验,确定其条件范围,再通过正交实验L9(34)进一步确定苔干水溶性粗多糖最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明最佳提取工艺为:固液比1:40、浸提温度90℃、浸提时间3h、反复浸提2次。理化性质结果表明提取的苔干多糖中含有多肽或氨基酸,为蛋白质复合多糖。     

A multi-country assessment of compliance with daily disposable contact lens wear

PurposeTo investigate compliance with daily disposable contact lens (DDCL) wear and investigate re-use of lenses according to country and DDCL material worn.MethodsOptometrists invited eligible DDCL patients from their practices to participate in a survey on DDCL wear in Australia, Norway, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). Eligible participants completed an online or paper version of the survey.Results805 participants completed the survey (96% online): Australia 13%, Norway 32%, UK 17%, US 38%. The median age was 38 years; 66% were female. Silicone hydrogel (SiHy) DDCLs were worn by 14%. Overall, 9% were non-compliant with DDCL replacement; Australia 18%, US 12%, UK 7% and Norway 4%. There were no differences with respect to sex, years of contact lens wear experience or DDCL material (SiHy versus hydrogels). The primary reason for re-use was “to save money” (60%). Re-use of DDCLs resulted in inferior comfort at insertion and prior to lens removal (p = 0.001). 75% reported occasional napping and 28% reported sleeping overnight for at least one night in the preceding month, while wearing their DDCLs.ConclusionNon-compliance with replacement of DDCLs occurred in all countries investigated; the rate was highest in Australia and lowest in Norway. Re-use of DDCLs was associated with reduced comfort. DDCL wearers often reported wearing lenses overnight. It is important for optometrists to counsel their patients on the importance of appropriate lens wear and replacement for DDCLs.     

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long‐chain phthalates such as di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short‐chain phthalates such as di‐n‐butyl‐phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medications or medical devices. By comparing exposure data with existing limit values, one can also assess the risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Within the general population, some individuals exceed tolerable daily intake values for one or more phthalates. In high exposure groups, (intensive medical care, medications) tolerable daily intake transgressions can be substantial. Recent findings from animal studies suggest that a cumulative risk assessment for phthalates is warranted, and a cumulative exposure assessment to phthalates via human biomonitoring is a major step into this direction.     

JSM-6700F冷场发射扫描电镜的日常维护及常见故障排除

做好扫描电镜的日常维护工作并及时排除仪器常见故障是延长扫描电镜的使用寿命、维修周期和节约维修费用的重要手段。本文详细介绍了对JSM-6700F冷场发射扫描电镜进行日常维护的关键操作事项,并通过对JSM-6700F冷场发射扫描电镜实际操作中遇到的常见故障原因进行分析,阐述了真空系统、仪器控制系统电路、电子枪以及软件等方面故障的处理方法。     

Timely daily activity recognition from headmost sensor events

Smart homes are designed to promote safe and comfortable living for inhabitants without any manual intervention. The performance of approaches for daily activity recognition is therefore crucial, but current real-time approaches have to wait until a daily activity ends before performing recognition. We present an approach for timely daily activity recognition from an incomplete stream of sensor events, by which the recognition process can start as soon as a daily activity begins. Activity features are generated from several headmost sensor events rather than from all sensor events that a daily activity activated. A public dataset was utilized to evaluate the presented method. Experimental findings show its effectiveness for timely daily activity recognition in terms of precision, recall, average saved time, and saved time proportion.     

一种对于高校建筑学人才培养的拓展模式的探索——"404工作室"的日常

本文从当今中国社会人才需求多样性与建筑人才培养模式单一这一矛盾入手，从教学实践中关注国内现行 建筑教育存在的一些问题。东北大学建筑学院“404工作室”自 2013年开始探索，探讨了一种与现行建筑教育并 存的建筑人才培养拓展模式的策略，并总结了“404工作室”日常教学对学生培养的作用，从而为国内非主流小 规模建筑院校人才培养提出了一种教学改革的拓展思路。     

关于直读式时间测量的影响因素探讨

本文提出一种用于检测数显计时器走时准确度的方法,通过直接检测被检仪器的显示数字的跳变,来推算出计时器计时误差,对此方法的影响因子进行了分析,并通过试验进行了验证,为一些常用的计时仪器准确度的检测提供了一种方案。     

Novel in vitro method to determine pre-lens tear break-up time of hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lenses

PurposeTo develop an in vitro model to determine pre-lens non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) and to subsequently use this method to compare the NIBUT over contemporary daily disposable (DD) contact lenses (CL).MethodsThree silicone hydrogel (SH) and two conventional hydrogel (CH) DD CLs were incubated in an artificial tear solution (ATS). A model blink cell (MBC) was utilised to mimic intermittent air exposure. CLs were repeatedly submerged for 3 seconds (s) and exposed to air for 10 s over periods of 2, 6, 12, and 16 hours (h). NIBUTs (n = 4) were determined out of the blister pack (T₀) and at the end of each incubation period.ResultsOverall, nesofilcon A showed the longest NIBUTs (p < 0.001). At T₀, CHs revealed significantly longer NIBUTs (p ≤ 0.001) than SHs. After 2 h, nesofilcon A showed the longest NIBUT, however, this was only statistically significant compared with delefilcon A (p ≤ 0.001). After 6 h, nesofilcon A NIBUT was significantly longer than all other CLs (p ≤ 0.001). Etafilcon A showed a significantly longer NIBUT (p ≤ 0.001) after 12 h and delefilcon A had the longest NIBUT (p ≤ 0.001) after 16 h. Statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) changes of NIBUT within the lens materials varied between time points. After 16 h, all CLs showed significant reductions in NIBUTs (p ≤ 0.001) in comparison to T₀.ConclusionNIBUT values reduced gradually over time and varying levels of deposition impacted measured pre-lens NIBUTs. While NIBUT of CH materials are longer immediately out of the blister pack, after tear film exposure, the NIBUTs obtained using this methodology became very similar.